{"id":4398,"date":"2026-04-14T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/?p=4398"},"modified":"2026-04-13T16:40:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T17:40:30","slug":"investir-energias-renovaveis-cabo-verde-regulamentos-oportunidades","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/investir-energias-renovaveis-cabo-verde-regulamentos-oportunidades\/","title":{"rendered":"Investing in Renewable Energy in Cape Verde: Regulations, Tax Incentives and Market Opportunities 2025-2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Cape Verde is West Africa's New Renewable Energy Hub<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cape Verde has established itself as a regional leader in the energy transition, with <strong>ambitious goals of reaching 50% of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/pt\/country\/caboverde\/publication\/ambitious-climate-action-will-reap-large-dividends-for-cabo-verde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><strong>renewable electricity by 2030 and 100% by 2040<\/strong>. <\/a>The archipelago is not just a consumer of green technology, the government wants to turn it into <strong>producer and exporter of renewable energy<\/strong> for West Africa, including green hydrogen and sustainable desalinated water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The national strategy has already surpassed the intermediate target of 30% of renewable penetration by 2025, driven by exceptional natural resources:<a href=\"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/legislacao-e-oportunidades-para-negocios-de-producao-e-venda-de-energias-renovaveis-em-cabo-verde\/\"> <strong>identified technical potential of more than 3,000 MW in solar energy and 500 MW in wind energy<\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/legislacao-e-oportunidades-para-negocios-de-producao-e-venda-de-energias-renovaveis-em-cabo-verde\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u201cCape Verde can become a regional centre for the production and export of renewable energies, taking advantage of abundant solar and wind resources\u201d<\/em> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2025\/09\/1850836\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">UNCTAD Report 2025<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Regulatory Framework Updated: What Changed in 2025<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cape Verdean legislation has evolved significantly to create a predictable and attractive legal environment:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Law no. 52\/X\/2025 - New Production and Distribution Framework<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Approved in April 2025, this law states:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Financial compensation mechanisms for municipalities that host renewable energy projects<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clear rules for managing public lighting costs <a href=\"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/legislacao-e-oportunidades-para-negocios-de-producao-e-venda-de-energias-renovaveis-em-cabo-verde\/\">integrated with renewables<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Decree-Law no. 54\/2018 - Licensing and Access to the Network<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The main regulatory instrument for independent producers, providing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Allocation of reception capacity in the network through <strong>transparent public tenders<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Independent production allowed in mini and medium-sized projects (secondary islands);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Microgeneration associated with self-consumption, avoiding injection into the public grid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Resolution 16\/2025<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It delegates powers to the National Water and Sanitation Agency for integrated renewable energy projects, speeding up approval processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Exclusive Tax Incentives: The 2026 Budget That Will Attract Investors<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Cape Verdean government has drastically reinforced tax benefits for <strong>State Budget 2026<\/strong>, presented in February 2025:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Total Import Exemptions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Exemption from Customs Duties (DI), VAT and Excise Duty (ICE)<\/strong> on the import of photovoltaic panels and inverters <a href=\"https:\/\/jornaleconomico.sapo.pt\/noticias\/governo-cabo-verdiano-apresenta-pacote-de-incentivos-fiscais-e-para-a-diaspora\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">for electricity production<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equipamentos e\u00f3licos tamb\u00e9m contemplados com isen\u00e7\u00e3o de taxas alfandeg\u00e1rias<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Income tax reduction (IRPC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de at\u00e9 50% do IRPC<\/strong> durante os primeiros cinco anos de opera\u00e7\u00e3o para projetos de energias renov\u00e1veis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nova taxa reduzida de IRC: 20% (antes 21%), com <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/tax-incentives-for-companies-in-cape-verde-what-you-need-to-know\/\">taxa de 16% aplicada aos primeiros 50 mil euros de mat\u00e9ria colet\u00e1vel para PMEs<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tax Deductions for Sustainability<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Deduction of up to 50% of tax on reinvested profits<\/strong> em projetos que promovam sustabilidade ambiental<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dedu\u00e7\u00e3o de 40% a 50% das despesas com Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento (I&amp;D) em tecnologias verdes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Special Unified Regime<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Empresas do setor podem optar por uma <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/tax-incentives-for-companies-in-cape-verde-what-you-need-to-know\/\">taxa \u00fanica de 4% sobre o volume bruto de vendas<\/a><\/strong>, substituindo IVA, Imposto de Selo e outras contribui\u00e7\u00f5es<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Investment Opportunities by Segment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1 Photovoltaic Solar Energy: The Most Immediate Potential<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Com irradia\u00e7\u00e3o solar superior \u00e0 m\u00e9dia europeia, o segmento solar apresenta:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Retorno do investimento competitivo<\/strong> quando financiado por linhas de <a href=\"https:\/\/gestoenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/MASTER-PLAN-CAPE-VERDE-50-RENEWBALE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">cr\u00e9dito concessionais<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Projetos em curso: expans\u00e3o da <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energiasrenovaveis.cv\/noticias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Central Fotovoltaica de Ch\u00e3 das Caldeiras (Fogo) e repowering da Central de Palmarejo (10 MW)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nicho de microgera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>: instala\u00e7\u00e3o de pain\u00e9is residenciais e comerciais com e<a href=\"https:\/\/faolex.fao.org\/docs\/pdf\/cvi149034.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">strat\u00e9gia de autoconsumo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Wind Energy: The Consecrated Experience<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>O projeto <strong>Cabe\u00f3lica<\/strong>, parceria p\u00fablico-privada de 10 anos, demonstra a viabilidade do modelo com 30 turbinas instaladas nas ilhas de Santiago, Sal, S\u00e3o Vicente e Boa Vista. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forumchinaplp.org.mo\/pt\/economic_trade\/view\/9006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">F\u00f3rum Macau<\/a>)<br>Novas oportunidades incluem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Repowering de turbinas com tecnologia de maior efici\u00eancia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contratos de compra de energia (PPA) com dura\u00e7\u00e3o de 20 anos garantidos pela Electra<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Energy Storage: The Next Frontier<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Para atingir 100% renov\u00e1vel, o pa\u00eds necessita urgentemente de tecnologias de armazenamento:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gestoenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/MASTER-PLAN-CAPE-VERDE-50-RENEWBALE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><strong>Projeto Santiago Pumped Storage<\/strong>: <\/a>central hidroel\u00e9trica de bombagem pura (cerca de 20 MW) or\u00e7amentada em ~40 milh\u00f5es de euros<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/legislacao-e-oportunidades-para-negocios-de-producao-e-venda-de-energias-renovaveis-em-cabo-verde\/\">Sistemas de baterias de l\u00edtio<\/a><\/strong>: concursos p\u00fablicos internacionais em andamento para instala\u00e7\u00f5es em S\u00e3o Vicente e Sal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/onde-investir-em-cabo-verde-os-7-setores-com-alto-potencial-em-2025\/\">Tecnologias de <em>smart grids<\/em><\/a> e monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o em tempo real<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Green Hydrogen and Energy Exports<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cabo Verde foi recomendado pela UNCTAD a realizar <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2025\/09\/1850836\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">estudos de viabilidade para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de hidrog\u00eanio verde<\/a><\/strong>, posicionando-se para exportar energia renov\u00e1vel para outros pa\u00edses africanos via Zona de Com\u00e9rcio Livre Continental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Active Public Tenders: Enter the Market Now<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>O Minist\u00e9rio da Ind\u00fastria, Com\u00e9rcio e Energia (MICE) mant\u00e9m concursos abertos para:Table<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Projeto<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Description<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Investimento Estimado<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Repowering Palmarejo<\/strong><\/td><td>Moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o da central solar de 10 MW<\/td><td>Concurso internacional&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Central H\u00edbrida Ch\u00e3 das Caldeiras<\/strong><\/td><td>Expans\u00e3o fotovoltaica na ilha do Fogo<\/td><td>Em curso&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Armazenamento por Bombagem H\u00eddrica<\/strong><\/td><td>Central em Santiago (20 MW)<\/td><td>~40 milh\u00f5es EUR&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong class=\"\">Micro-redes Planalto Norte<\/strong><\/td><td>Moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o de redes renov\u00e1veis em Santo Ant\u00e3o<\/td><td>Concurso chave na m\u00e3o&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cabo Verde 100% IP LED<\/strong><\/td><td>Ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica 100% LED em todo arquip\u00e9lago<\/td><td>Concurso internacional&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to Invest: A Practical Roadmap for Companies and Entrepreneurs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 1: Legal structuring and registration<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Constituir empresa em regime de <strong>parceria p\u00fablico-privada (PPP)<\/strong> ou produtor independente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Registo simplificado via programa &#8220;Empresa no Dia&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defini\u00e7\u00e3o do modelo: concess\u00e3o, PPA (<em>Power Purchase Agreement<\/em>) ou produ\u00e7\u00e3o independente<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 2: Technical Feasibility Analysis<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Estudos de potencial solar\/e\u00f3lico no local espec\u00edfico<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de proximidade \u00e0 rede el\u00e9trica nacional e capacidade de conex\u00e3o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Estudo de impacto ambiental (obrigat\u00f3rio para projetos acima de certos limiares)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 3: Participation in public tenders<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Monitoramento do portal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energiasrenovaveis.cv\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">energiasrenovaveis.cv<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Submiss\u00e3o de propostas t\u00e9cnicas e financeiras conforme Decreto-Lei 54\/2018<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 4: Raising finance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gestoenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/MASTER-PLAN-CAPE-VERDE-50-RENEWBALE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><strong>Linhas de cr\u00e9dito concessionais<\/strong>:<\/a> at\u00e9 300 milh\u00f5es de euros dispon\u00edveis para projetos renov\u00e1veis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/pt\/news\/press-release\/2026\/01\/12\/world-bank-scales-up-support-to-cabo-verde-energy-transition-and-universal-access\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><strong>World Bank<\/strong>:<\/a> Projeto REIUP (Renewable Energy and Utilities Improvement Project) com 13,30 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares aprovados em janeiro de 2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>African Development Bank<\/strong>: 19,6 milh\u00f5es de euros para e\u00f3lica e armazenamento<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Facilidade de Mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Riscos<\/strong>: estrutura governamental que mobilizar\u00e1 108 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares em capital privado<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Future: Cape Verde as a Clean Energy Exporter<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A vis\u00e3o governamental vai al\u00e9m do autoconsumo. At\u00e9 2050, a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para 100% renov\u00e1vel gerar\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/pt\/country\/caboverde\/publication\/ambitious-climate-action-will-reap-large-dividends-for-cabo-verde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Poupan\u00e7a de 1,8 mil milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares<\/a><\/strong> em importa\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edveis (com desconto)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/gestoenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/MASTER-PLAN-CAPE-VERDE-50-RENEWBALE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de 225.000 toneladas anuais de CO<\/a>\u2082<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/gestoenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/MASTER-PLAN-CAPE-VERDE-50-RENEWBALE.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/gestoenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/MASTER-PLAN-CAPE-VERDE-50-RENEWBALE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">800 novos postos de trabalho diretos e indiretos<\/a><\/strong> criados at\u00e9 2030<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Potencial para <strong>e<a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2025\/09\/1850836\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/pt\/story\/2025\/09\/1850836\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">xporta\u00e7\u00e3o de energia renov\u00e1vel e \u00e1gua dessalinizada<\/a><\/strong> para \u00c1frica continental<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion: The Time Is Now<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cabo Verde oferece um ecossistema jur\u00eddico maduro, incentivos fiscais agressivos e financiamento internacional dispon\u00edvel para projetos de energias renov\u00e1veis. A janela de oportunidade est\u00e1 aberta especialmente para:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Investidores em infraestruturas de armazenamento<\/strong> (baterias e bombagem h\u00eddrica)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Desenvolvedores de projetos solares e e\u00f3licos<\/strong> (independentes ou em PPP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Empresas de tecnologia verde<\/strong> que possam instalar f\u00e1brica de pain\u00e9is solares no arquip\u00e9lago (objetivo do governo para cria\u00e7\u00e3o de cluster industrial)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Precisa de apoio especializado para estruturar o seu investimento em energias renov\u00e1veis em Cabo Verde?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>S&amp;D Consultoria, Lda.<\/strong> oferece assessoria completa em constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de empresas, an\u00e1lise de viabilidade regulat\u00f3ria, prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de propostas para concursos p\u00fablicos e otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o fiscal para projetos de energia limpa. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/contacto\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contact us<\/a> e transforme o potencial renov\u00e1vel de Cabo Verde no seu pr\u00f3ximo case de sucesso.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Porque Cabo Verde \u00e9 o Novo Hub de Energias Renov\u00e1veis na \u00c1frica Ocidental Cabo Verde consolidou-se como l\u00edder regional na transi\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica, com metas ambiciosas de atingir 50% de eletricidade renov\u00e1vel at\u00e9 2030 e 100% at\u00e9 2040. O arquip\u00e9lago n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas um consumidor de tecnologia verde, o Governo pretende transform\u00e1-lo em produtor e exportador [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-consultoria-empresarial"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4398"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4430,"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4398\/revisions\/4430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consultoria.cv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}