Sustainability has emerged as an essential pillar for economic and social development in Cape Verde, an archipelago that faces unique challenges due to its insularity, scarcity of natural resources and vulnerability to climate change. In this context, eco-entrepreneurship has emerged as a strategic approach to promoting innovative business practices that reconcile environmental preservation with the creation of economic and social value. This business model, which integrates circular economy principles and green technologies, has the potential to transform key sectors such as tourism, agriculture and the blue economy, promoting economic resilience and social inclusion.
Cape Verde, with its strategic location in the Atlantic and an economy heavily dependent on tourism and fishing, faces the need to diversify its economic activities. Initiatives such as strengthening local value chains and promoting sustainable agricultural practices, exemplified by projects such as the Ecofarm Cape Verde, The latest developments in the field of agriculture show the positive impact of innovative and sustainable solutions. In addition, the focus on technologies such as smart sensors and drones in agriculture has made it possible to optimise resources and increase production efficiency.
The blue economy, another strategic sector, has received increasing attention, with efforts to consolidate value chains, protect biodiversity and foster sustainable trade. The partnership between Cape Verde and the European Union under the programme GSP+ is an example of how international cooperation can leverage sustainable growth, enabling duty-free exports and promoting the modernisation of maritime infrastructure.
On the other hand, sustainable entrepreneurship has been boosted by local initiatives such as the Business Incubation Centre, which supports start-ups in integrating ecological practices into their business models. This movement not only responds to the demands of increasingly conscious consumers, but also positions companies to access government incentives and international funding.
This report explores the strategies and opportunities for developing eco-entrepreneurship in Cape Verde, highlighting the role of public-private partnerships, technological innovation and talent training in building a more sustainable and inclusive future.
Contents
Implementing circular economy practices in Cape Verde requires a strategic approach focused on reusing materials and reducing waste. This strategy can be operationalised through the creation of selective collection systems and recycling infrastructures that enable waste to be transformed into new resources. For example, organic waste can be converted into compost for agriculture, reducing dependence on imported fertilisers. Studies indicate that waste recovery can reduce production costs by up to 20%, increasing the competitiveness of local companies (Ellen MacArthur Foundation).
In addition, the creation of innovation centres for the recycling and reuse of materials can encourage the development of new sustainable products. These centres can act as hubs for start-ups and small businesses, promoting innovation in product design and industrial processes. Collaboration between companies and higher education institutions, such as universities and research centres, can accelerate the adoption of emerging technologies, such as chemical recycling and waste-to-energy.
Strengthening local value chains is essential for Cape Verde's economic and environmental sustainability. By prioritising local suppliers and promoting regional partnerships, companies can reduce dependence on imports, decrease the carbon footprint associated with transport and increase economic resilience. This approach also creates opportunities for economic diversification, especially in sectors such as agriculture, fishing and sustainable tourism.
For example, in the agricultural sector, integrating local value chains can include utilising organic waste to produce biogas or compost, creating a closed production cycle. In the tourism sector, collaboration with local communities to provide sustainable products and services can generate direct economic benefits for populations, while promoting responsible consumption practices among tourists.
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) play a crucial role in implementing circular economy practices in Cape Verde. These partnerships can facilitate access to finance, technology and know-how, allowing local companies to adopt more sustainable business models. For example, the government can collaborate with private companies to establish waste management infrastructure, such as sorting and recycling stations, or to implement environmental education programmes.
In addition, PPPs can be used to develop pilot projects that demonstrate the economic and environmental viability of the circular economy. These projects can serve as replicable models for other regions of the archipelago, promoting the spread of good practices and innovation. The creation of tax incentives and subsidies for companies that adopt circular practices can also be an effective strategy to encourage the transition to this economic model.
Education and training are fundamental pillars for the successful implementation of the circular economy in Cape Verde. Continuous training of the workforce and raising awareness among local communities of the benefits of reuse and recycling can accelerate the adoption of sustainable practices. Educational programmes involving schools, universities and civil society organisations can be used to disseminate knowledge about the circular economy and waste management.
In addition, the creation of technical training courses in areas such as recycling, sustainable design and waste management can prepare workers for the demands of a changing labour market. These initiatives can be complemented by public awareness campaigns highlighting the economic and environmental benefits of the circular economy, encouraging the active participation of communities.
The adoption of emerging technologies is essential to maximise the benefits of the circular economy in Cape Verde. Innovative solutions, such as chemical recycling and waste-to-energy, can turn environmental challenges into economic opportunities. For example, the implementation of advanced recycling technologies can enable the recovery of high-value materials such as rare metals and industrial-grade plastics, reducing the need for imports.
In addition, the use of digital technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence, can optimise waste management processes and improve companies' operational efficiency. These technologies can be used to monitor waste generation in real time, identify opportunities for reuse and recycling, and optimise collection and transport logistics. Integrating technological solutions into the circular economy model can thus increase the competitiveness of Cape Verdean companies on the global market.
The creation of modular and dematerialised products is an innovative approach that could transform the Cape Verdean market, allowing companies to reduce waste and extend the useful life of products. Modular products are designed to be easily dismantled, repaired or upgraded, which reduces the need for frequent replacements and promotes the reuse of components. For example, local businesses can invest in modular furniture made from recycled materials, adaptable to consumer needs, reducing environmental impact and increasing economic efficiency.
On the other hand, dematerialisation refers to the replacement of physical products with digital services or lighter solutions. In Cape Verde, sectors such as tourism can adopt this strategy by offering digital experiences such as virtual visits to tourist sites, reducing dependence on physical materials such as brochures and printed guides. This model not only reduces operating costs, but also attracts conscious consumers who value sustainable practices.
The integration of green technologies in the Cape Verdean business sector is an essential measure to reduce the carbon footprint and optimise the use of resources. Solar and wind energy systems have been widely promoted in the country due to its abundance of natural resources. Small businesses can implement solar microgeneration systems to reduce electricity costs and increase energy efficiency. For example, a local bakery can install solar panels to power its ovens, reducing operating costs by up to 30%, according to energy sector studies.
In addition, the use of advanced storage batteries allows for more efficient energy management, guaranteeing continuous supply even in areas with limited infrastructure. These technologies can be complemented by digital monitoring systems, which allow companies to track and optimise energy consumption in real time, promoting more sustainable resource management.
Innovation in sustainable packaging is an area with great potential in Cape Verde, especially given the dependence on imported products and the environmental impact of disposable packaging. Local companies can invest in the production of biodegradable packaging made from materials such as corn starch, sugar cane or seaweed, which are abundant in the region. These solutions not only reduce solid waste, but also create new business opportunities in the biotechnology sector.
Another innovative approach is the use of reusable packaging, such as returnable food and drink containers. For example, restaurants and cafés can adopt deposit systems, where customers return packaging for reuse, receiving financial incentives or discounts. This model not only reduces waste, but also promotes a circular economy, in line with the country's sustainability goals.
The development of mobile applications and digital platforms focused on sustainability can play a crucial role in transforming the Cape Verdean market. Local startups can create apps that encourage sustainable practices among consumers, such as reducing food waste or recycling. For example, an app could connect local farmers with consumers, allowing the direct sale of fresh produce that would otherwise be discarded due to aesthetic imperfections.
In addition, digital platforms can be used to educate the population about sustainable practices and provide real-time information about environmental initiatives. A practical example would be the development of a platform that tracks recyclable waste collection points in real time, facilitating the population's access to these infrastructures. These digital solutions not only increase the efficiency of operations, but also promote a culture of environmental responsibility.
Collaboration between companies, the government and international organisations is essential to boost technological innovation in Cape Verde. Strategic partnerships can provide access to new technologies, markets and expertise. For example, collaborations with global technology companies can facilitate the transfer of green technologies, such as waste management systems based on artificial intelligence. These technologies can be used to optimise waste collection and recycling, reducing costs and increasing operational efficiency.
In addition, international funding programmes, such as those promoted by the World Bank, can support the implementation of innovative projects in the country. One example would be funding for the creation of technological hubs that promote research and development into sustainable solutions, such as the production of bioplastics or the energy recovery of waste. These initiatives not only strengthen the local economy, but also position Cape Verde as a regional leader in sustainable innovation.
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have proven to be an effective model for boosting sustainability projects in Cape Verde, especially in strategic sectors such as public infrastructure, maritime transport and waste management. The recent approval of Decree-Law 21/2024, which introduced a new legal regime for PPPs, simplified the processes for designing and implementing projects, as well as requiring prior assessment of climate risks (Government of Cape Verde).
Unlike the existing content on PPPs for the circular economy, the integration of climate monitoring tools in infrastructure projects stands out here. For example, the installation of autonomous monitoring systems in harbours, as in the case of Mindelo, makes it possible to assess water quality and other environmental indicators, promoting operational sustainability (EEAS).
In addition, PPPs can be used to create renewable energy infrastructure, such as solar and wind farms, which respond to local energy needs while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This partnership model allows the private sector to provide financing and technology, while the public sector ensures regulation and alignment with sustainable development goals.
Capacity building for public and private entities is essential for the effective implementation of sustainable PPPs. In Cape Verde, initiatives such as the “PPP Manual” have promoted the strengthening of the technical and administrative skills of government institutions, allowing for better management of complex, long-term projects (Government of Cape Verde).
Unlike previous approaches that focus on capacity building for the circular economy, this section emphasises the importance of training public managers in areas such as climate risk analysis and environmental impact assessment. For example, ongoing training programmes could include modules on sustainable financing mechanisms, such as Green Bonds, which are financial instruments aimed at environmental projects.
In addition, capacity building should be extended to local communities, ensuring that they understand the benefits of PPPs and actively participate in the decision-making process. A practical example is the “Maio 2025” programme, which trains community associations and cooperatives to respond to the challenges of sustainable development on the island of Maio (IMVF).
Access to sustainable financing is one of the main challenges for implementing PPPs in Cape Verde. To overcome this barrier, the government has promoted initiatives such as microfinance and entrepreneurship support programmes, which encourage the private sector to invest in projects with a social and environmental impact (S&D Consultancy).
Unlike previous approaches that discuss tax incentives for circular practices, this section addresses the creation of specific funds for sustainable PPPs. For example, a national sustainability fund could be established to co-finance green infrastructure projects, such as electric public transport systems. This fund could be fed by environmental tax revenues or contributions from international organisations.
In addition, impact investment has gained prominence as an effective strategy for attracting private capital. This type of investment not only seeks a financial return, but also social and environmental benefits, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A practical example would be financing recycling plants that use emerging technologies to increase efficiency and reduce operating costs.
Technology transfer is a crucial component for the success of PPPs in Cape Verde, especially in sectors that require innovation to achieve sustainability. Strategic partnerships with international companies can facilitate the introduction of green technologies, such as waste management systems based on artificial intelligence or solutions for environmental monitoring.
Unlike the existing content on technological innovation, this section highlights the application of specific technologies in PPP projects. For example, smart sensors can be installed in public infrastructures to monitor energy and water consumption, allowing for real-time adjustments to improve efficiency. In addition, blockchain technologies can be used to ensure transparency and traceability in large-scale projects.
Another example is the use of drones to monitor areas that are difficult to access, such as wind farms or nature reserves, reducing costs and increasing the accuracy of the data collected. These technologies not only improve the management of natural resources, but also create new job opportunities in high-tech sectors.
Community involvement is an essential element for the success of PPPs, ensuring that projects meet local needs and promote social inclusion. In Cape Verde, initiatives such as the “May 2025” programme have demonstrated how the active participation of civil society can strengthen local governance and improve project results (IMVF).
Unlike circular economy awareness campaigns, this section focuses on education for sustainability in the context of PPPs. For example, workshops and seminars can be organised to inform communities about the benefits of projects such as installing solar panels in schools or creating sustainable public transport systems.
In addition, education should include practical components, such as training in green technology maintenance or waste management, which enable citizens to contribute directly to the sustainability of projects. This type of training not only increases the acceptance of projects, but also creates job opportunities and promotes the development of local skills.
This report presents a detailed and practical approach to implementing Public-Private Partnerships and Capacity Building for Sustainability in Cape Verde, highlighting the importance of innovation, financing, technology transfer and community involvement. The proposed strategies complement existing efforts, offering new perspectives and solutions to local challenges.
The report shows that the implementation of circular economy practices and eco-entrepreneurship strategies in Cape Verde can generate significant economic and social value, while promoting environmental sustainability. Reusing materials, reducing waste and integrating local value chains are identified as fundamental pillars for reducing dependence on imports, increasing the competitiveness of companies and fostering economic resilience. Practical examples, such as the valorisation of organic waste for composting or biogas, demonstrate the potential of creating closed production cycles, especially in sectors such as agriculture and sustainable tourism. In addition, innovation in modular products, biodegradable packaging and green technologies such as solar and wind energy stand out as an opportunity to turn environmental challenges into competitive advantages.
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) and capacity building are seen as essential instruments for making these initiatives viable. PPPs can facilitate access to funding, technology and infrastructure, while capacity building for public and private entities and local communities ensures the effective and inclusive implementation of sustainable projects. Technology transfer, such as the adoption of digital monitoring systems and advanced recycling, is also crucial to maximise efficiency and innovation. On the other hand, community involvement and education for sustainability are emphasised as central elements in ensuring the acceptance and success of initiatives, promoting social inclusion and the development of local skills.
In terms of next steps, it is essential to prioritise the creation of tax incentives and specific funds for sustainable projects, as well as strengthening collaborations between companies, the government and international organisations. Implementing replicable pilot projects and promoting public awareness campaigns can accelerate the transition to a circular economy. These actions position Cape Verde as a regional model for sustainable innovation, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and climate resilience targets.
English (UK) 
Português (AO90) 
Français